My preferred fleet at the moment is Tribe, and i’ve found that carrier bays are incredibly useful fielding their fighters (which have good hull strength).
I’ve tried making dedicated carrier ships for other races, with mixed successes as the Federation, and im experimenting with the Swarm.
However, with Tribe, I’ve found a slightly different tactic to be better; my most common cruiser design has a support bay built in which means i can field huge numbers of fighters. A mix of pulse laser. Some armoured, some unarmoured for budget reasons. Generally, the armoured ones can keep coming back time after time as long as there is a survivng support bay cruiser and the AA fire isnt crazy. The unarmoured ones make a couple of runs, but in most cases will eventually be destroyed with stiff resistance.
The support bays allow the armoured fighters to keep coming back, and if i can strip away enemy fighter support and the AA isnt strong enough, their cruisers get swarmed by fighters before my cruisers can batter down the shields.
Support Bays are worth it if you want to make a decent show of force with fighters. If you have a limited fighter presence, its probably better to get another repair crew/shield/engine etc.
Another point is that the fighters need to be fast-ish and preferably armoured, else they’ll get chewed up on the first run.